As the countdown begins for the official start of the 2025–2026 fishing season in the Black Sea, Türkiye’s fishermen are making their final preparations while closely observing early signs of fish migration. The new season, set to open on September 1, has already stirred activity across coastal towns, though warmer-than-usual sea temperatures are delaying large-scale fish sightings.
Still, optimism remains high, with initial signs of anchovy and bonito (palamut) encouraging the industry’s stakeholders. Experts and local fishermen believe the upcoming season could bring significant economic and ecological benefits, especially if the weather cools down and fish migration patterns stabilize.
Preparations Almost Complete Across the Eastern Black Sea
According to Ahmet Mutlu, President of the Eastern Black Sea Fishermen’s Cooperatives Union, nearly 50 large trawler vessels (gırgır boats) are gearing up for the season. While some vessels are still undergoing maintenance and final preparations at regional shipyards, many have already been cleared for launch and are ready to hit the open sea.
Mutlu emphasized the importance of early detection of sample bonito, which have been spotted in limited numbers offshore. He noted that the presence of these fish, combined with summer anchovies caught by small-scale fishers using rods and nets, could serve as positive indicators for the months ahead.
Bonito and Horse Mackerel to Kick Off the Season
“Based on current observations, we expect to begin the season primarily with bonito and horse mackerel (istavrit),” Mutlu explained. “Bonito have started to appear sporadically, and although the sea temperature is still on the high side, the activity is promising. Small fishers have already reported catching summer anchovies with their traditional gear, which is a great sign. We’re hopeful that the season will be fruitful.”
The early signs of bonito and anchovy activity are especially important in the context of Türkiye’s broader fishing economy. Mutlu stressed that anchovy remains the backbone of Turkish fisheries, contributing between 60 to 70 percent of the national catch. “Anchovy is the crown jewel of our sector,” he added.
Anchovy: The Heart of Turkish Fishing
Beyond its role in the industry, anchovy (hamsi) holds economic and cultural significance in Türkiye. Widely consumed across the country, especially in Black Sea regions, anchovy is also a major export item, processed and shipped to international markets.
“In many homes, a single kilogram of anchovy provides essential nutrition and brings families together around the dinner table,” said Mutlu. “That’s why this fish is more than just a commercial product—it’s a national staple.”
In addition to being affordable and high in protein, anchovies support a large network of processing plants, transportation companies, and seafood markets. A strong anchovy season not only boosts domestic consumption but also contributes to foreign trade income, making it a crucial element in Türkiye’s economic sustainability.
Hoping for Cold Weather to Delay Migration
One of the key factors influencing anchovy availability is water temperature. Warmer waters tend to accelerate migration, pushing fish into deeper or more distant zones before peak fishing periods begin. Conversely, cooler temperatures can delay this migration, allowing fishermen to harvest more efficiently near shorelines.
“If the weather cools down, the anchovy migration will slow, which is better for both us and the ecosystem,” said Mutlu. He added that the longer anchovies remain in Türkiye’s coastal waters, the more economically viable the season becomes for all types of fishers—from large-scale trawlers to artisanal boats.
Last Season’s Bonito Boom Sets High Expectations
Recalling the 2024–2025 season, Mutlu noted that bonito were especially abundant, likely due to favorable climate conditions and a healthy reproductive cycle. “This sector is highly dependent on science and environmental variables,” he said. “When the timing and temperatures align, fish like torik—mature bonito—can spawn successfully, leading to robust populations the following year.”
So far, this year’s conditions appear promising. If current trends continue, bonito could emerge in large numbers unexpectedly, providing a strong commercial foundation for the season before anchovy becomes more prevalent.
“Right now, we’re seeing early signs, even if in small quantities. That gives us reason to stay optimistic,” Mutlu stated.
Economic Impact Beyond the Boats
The fishing season has broader implications for regional economies along the Black Sea coast. Ports in Trabzon, Rize, Ordu, Giresun, and Samsun rely heavily on the income generated by seasonal fisheries. Local businesses—from equipment suppliers to seafood restaurants—experience increased activity during peak fishing months.
Moreover, the jobs created by the industry are essential for rural coastal communities. From crew members on gırgır boats to workers in fish processing facilities, thousands depend on a healthy fishing season for their livelihood.
Mutlu also mentioned that the union oversees 38 fishing cooperatives, representing nearly 50 vessels, and works to ensure safety, training, and environmental compliance among its members.
Sustainability and Long-Term Management
While the short-term focus remains on harvesting efficiently, sustainable fishing practices are also gaining importance. The Black Sea ecosystem is sensitive to overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Authorities and cooperatives are increasingly promoting seasonal quotas, gear restrictions, and protected zones to preserve fish stocks.
“We’re not just thinking about this year,” Mutlu noted. “We want to pass on a sustainable sea to future generations. That means working with scientists, regulators, and local communities to ensure that our practices do not harm the marine environment.”
Looking Ahead with Optimism
With just days to go before the season officially opens, Türkiye’s fishermen are feeling a blend of excitement and cautious optimism. Final preparations are underway, and the first test trips will soon determine whether fish stocks are as strong as early signs suggest.
If bonito and anchovy continue to appear in increasing numbers, the 2025–2026 season could become one of the most successful in recent years. The key variables will be weather conditions, sea temperature, and fish migration patterns—factors that can change quickly and unexpectedly.
As Mutlu concluded, “We wish for a season that brings abundant catch, safety for our fishermen, and affordable seafood for our people. If the sea provides, we will do our best to honor it.”
